Conditions · Acid erosion

Acid erosion

How acid wears teeth — and how to protect them.

When teeth are washed with acid — from diet or from vomiting — minerals dissolve out of the enamel and dentine. This is acid erosion, a form of tooth wear. There is a lot you can do to slow it, and support if you need it.

This page covers acid erosion in the context of vomiting, including with bulimia. If you are affected by an eating disorder, support is available from Beat and the NHS — you are not alone, and speaking to your GP is a good first step.

How acid damages teeth

Stomach acid is very strong (pH around 1.5–3.5). When it washes over your teeth, minerals dissolve out of the enamel and dentine — a chemical form of tooth wear called acid erosion.

The stages of erosion

Early on, erosion can make teeth look very clean and shiny as the enamel thins slightly. Over time, as enamel wears thinner, teeth start to look more yellow — the yellow dentine underneath shows through — and can feel very sensitive to cold, hot, sweet and touch. If the dentine keeps wearing, the pulp inside can become inflamed and sore, causing severe toothache and, eventually, death of the tooth and possibly an abscess.

Erosion makes other wear worse

Acid also softens teeth, so they wear away faster mechanically. Brushing straight after vomiting can rub grooves into softened teeth (abrasion), and grinding wears down the biting surfaces faster (attrition).

How to protect your teeth

  • Don’t brush straight after vomiting — wait at least 20 minutes (ideally 45). Rinse with a fluoride mouthwash instead to wash away the taste and strengthen teeth.
  • Use fluoride toothpaste — brush for two minutes twice a day with at least 1450ppm fluoride. Fluoride can’t reverse wear but it strengthens enamel and slows it.
  • Don’t rinse after brushing — spit out excess toothpaste but leave the fluoride on your teeth; use mouthwash at a different time of day.
  • See your dentist — they can check for wear and give tailored advice, prescribe high-fluoride products, apply varnish, or suggest restorations.
The best treatment is to avoid washing teeth with acid in the first place. If vomiting continues, please speak to your GP about support for your health as well as your teeth.

Text and further advice adapted from dentalchoices.org.

Watch

See how acid wears teeth

A short film on how acid softens and thins enamel — and the simple habits that slow tooth wear.

Common questions

Acid erosion — your questions answered

Should I brush my teeth after being sick?

No — wait at least 20 minutes (ideally 45) while your teeth are softened. Rinse with a fluoride mouthwash instead.

Can fluoride reverse erosion?

No, but it strengthens enamel and dentine and helps slow tooth wear. Use a toothpaste with at least 1450ppm fluoride.

Should I rinse after brushing?

No — spit out excess toothpaste but don’t rinse, so the fluoride stays on your teeth. Use mouthwash at a separate time.

What are the signs of erosion?

Teeth that first look shiny, then more yellow and sensitive as enamel thins. A dentist can confirm tooth wear early.

Where can I get support for an eating disorder?

Beat and the NHS offer information and support, and your GP can help — links are at the top of this page.

Protect against tooth wear

Fluoride, gentle timing and regular check-ups protect your teeth. Support is there for the rest.